The Ice Age glaciers shaped the landscapes we know today. As the continental ice sheet retreated for the last time between 17,000 and 8,000 years ago, it left behind a carpet of glacial debris, or 'till', scoured from underlying materials and transported with the moving ice. Melting ice released enormous volumes of water that deposited extensive sands and gravels. Giant glacial rivers carved deep valleys, while depressions trapped waters in large glacial lakes.
Ice Cover (Top to Bottom)
Maximum - 17 000 years ago
12 000 years ago
11 500 years ago
10 000 years ago
Different Landscapes, Different Origins
Though many people might describe southern Saskatchewan as 'flat', it is a patchwork of diverse landscapes of different origins: rolling hills, flat plains, and long winding valleys. Rolling hills are sediments deposited in haphazard fashion from melting glaciers. Flat plains are the floors of ancient glacial lakes!
The Qu'Appelle River valley and other major valleys were carved by great rivers that carried glacial meltwater towards the sea. Sloughs and potholes fill the depressions created by the melting of buried ice blocks that were left behind by retreating glaciers.
Rolling hills are common in Saskatchewan.
Active sand dunes, Great Sand Hills, Saskatchewan.
Large boulders (erratics) are common in many fields.
What ecological roles do wetland sloughs play in our dry landscape?
